DIGITAL GOVERNMENT AND E-ADMINISTRATION: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS IN UZBEKISTAN, THE UNITED STATES, AND THE EUROPEAN UNION

Abstract

Digital government has moved from a policy aspiration to a legal imperative in most modern states. This article compares the legal frameworks governing e-administration in Uzbekistan, the United States, and the European Union — three systems that have approached the challenge of digitizing public administration from very different starting points and through very different institutional mechanisms. The United States relies on a layered federal framework built on the Administrative Procedure Act and sector-specific statutes. The European Union has pursued harmonization through the Single Digital Gateway Regulation and the European Declaration on Digital Rights. Uzbekistan, operating under the Digital Uzbekistan 2030 strategy and a rapidly expanding series of presidential decrees, has moved with notable speed from near-total reliance on paper-based administration toward an increasingly integrated digital government system. The comparison reveals genuine Uzbek achievements alongside persistent gaps in legal accountability, data protection, and judicial oversight of digital administrative action. Practical implications for legal reform are identified.